Individuals

Stress-related costs to the individual include increased rates of:

• Physical health problems: Cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal problems, obesity, increased cancer risk, increased rates of illness and immune system problems, arthritis and rheumatic disorders, etc.
• Mental health problems: Clinical Depression, Anxiety Disorders, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, substance abuse and addictions.
• Interpersonal problems: Poor communication, social withdrawal, increased aggression, cynical attitude, mistrust of others, defensiveness, spousal violence, and family breakdown.